The language requirement for Ph.D. students of Mathematics (Applied or Pure) consists of a reading knowledge of one of the languages: French, German or Russian. Students can demonstrate suitable proficiency in either of two ways:

1) by making a grade of "S" for the two-semester course in reading and translation that is given by the appropriate language department (not available in Russian),

or

2) translating mathematical material from one of the above languages (material to be selected with the assistance of the student's Ph.D. supervisor). The student would then present the material in English with a brief summary of the problems which were posed by the language.

The foreign language requirement is usually satisfied before taking the Ph.D. candidacy, and after choosing a Dissertation advisor.